ABSTRACT
The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARSCoV-2), first detected in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, has emerged rapidly as a health crisis that has challenged health systems and health professionals all over the world. Transmission occurs primarily through droplet spread or contact routes. Due to these characteristics dental staff and dental practitioners are considered to be at the highest risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection because of their prolonged face to face exposure to patients and exposure to respiratory secretions and aerosols produced during procedures like ultrasonic scaling and cavity/access preparation using a high-speed air rotor with water jet cooling systems. Antiseptic mouthwashes have been widely used as a standard measure before routine dental treatment, especially preoperatively. They have an essential role in reducing the number of microorganisms in the oral cavity. Hence, present review of literature provides details on role of mouthwash in prevention of Covid-19 transmission.Copyright © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
An important goal in our world today is to eliminate food waste by reutilizing available food sources within local communities: leftover food items in restaurants, stores and food distribution centers that may be approaching expiration;and any perishable items not used in entirety within their desired period. This is highly significant, particularly during crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper focuses on creating an interesting mobile application (app) called SeVa that provides a ubiquitous platform wherein users can visualize available food resources in their local area and consequently gain access to food, thereby tackling two major issues, i.e. hunger and food waste. This app is pertinent to the UN SDGs (United Nations Sustainable Development Goals) and fits the general realm of AI for Smart Living in Smart Cities. In addition to entailing IoT (Internet of Things) and ubiquitous computing, this work makes positive impacts on both healthcare and environment by reducing hunger and food waste respectively. We describe our SeVa app development using principles from AI, and especially HCI (Human Computer Interaction), along with its evaluation encompassing user surveys. We also list some open issues with the scope for future work.
ABSTRACT
Drugs by definition are categorized as those agents that can bring about a change in any living species and habitually used for therapeutic purposes. Mostly majority of drugs show an extraordinarily high correlation of structure and specificity to produce pharmacological effects. A large classification of them put forth their physiologic effects by binding with a naturally selective receptor and thus making the drug-receptor interaction an extensively studied subject, bearing in mind the complex intracellular biochemistry, pharmacology, and energetics involved in the entire event. Experimental studies specify that drugs interact with receptor sites localized in macromolecules that have got protein-like properties and also specific three-dimensional shapes. Drug metabolism is an important process for the removal of unwanted substances from the body. An abnormal drug metabolism profile could lead to life-threatening complications. Both phase I (mainly CYP450s) and phase II (mainly UGTs) enzymes play a significant role in drug metabolism. Although metabolites, in general, are expected to be not active and not toxic, certain metabolites can cause hepatotoxicity. Various diseases may potentially change the metabolic profile of a drug by altering the expression and function of key enzymes. Additionally, coadministration of multiple drugs may also lead to drug-drug interaction and adverse reactions due to competitive binding to the same metabolizing enzyme. Currently, SARS Cov 2 is an illness ongoing worldwide. This virus is responsible for severe respiratory illness and nearly 2,500,000 people worldwide have been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. No vaccine or antiviral drugs are available currently to treat SARS-CoV-2. Different pre-clinical studies suggested that hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, arbidol, remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, ivermectin, tocilizumab, ribavirin, and anti-inflammatory drugs can show a promising outcome for SARS-Cov-2. This review article focuses on the drug-receptor interaction, drug metabolism, and preclinical drugs for SARS Cov 2.